Common Data Formats and Map Types

White Mould Data

2D vector surface data can be stretched into 3D white model by height, floor and other attributes, the model is a white box, the way is to stretch the building outline directly according to the specified height.

Panoramic data

360-degree panorama, is through technology or equipment to simulate an interactive, illusory three-dimensional space scene. 360-degree panorama is a static image based on a microcomputer platform can achieve virtual reality technology. It allows people to observe the 360-degree panoramic view on the computer, and it can be freely browsed through the interactive operation, so as to experience the three-dimensional VR visual world.

Street View data

Street View mapis a reality map service. Provide users with a 360-degree view of the city, street, or other environmentPanoramic image, through which users can get an immersive map browsing experience. With Street View, you can really see the high-definition scene on the street as long as you sit in front of the computer.

POI data

points of interest, a POI can be a house, a shop, a mailbox, a bus stop, etc. Each POI contains four aspects of information, name, category, coordinates, classification, comprehensive POI information is a necessary information to enrich the navigation map, timely POI information points can remind the user of the detailed information of the branch and surrounding buildings, and it is also convenient to find the various places you need in the navigation.

SHP Data

Shape files are developed by ESRI. An ESRI (Environmental Systems Research Institute) shape file consists of a master file, an index file, and a dBASE table. The suffix of the master file is .shp.

KML/KMZ Data

KML (Keyhole Markup Language) is an XML-based markup language originally developed and maintained by Keyhole, a subsidiary of Google, which uses XML syntax format to describe points, lines, surfaces, images, and modelsGeospatial data。 In April 2008, the latest version 2.2 of the KML was announced by the OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) as an open geospatial coding standard, and was maintained and developed by the OGC.

CAD Data (DWG/DXF)

Computer-aided design (CAD) is a hardware and software system used by design professionals to design and document physical objects. Currently, AutoCAD and MicroStation are the two most widely used general-purpose CAD platforms. Both systems are suitable for a wide variety of applications. Organisations involved in the engineering, architecture, surveying and construction industries use these software to provide a variety of services.

Precision Modelled Data

Fine modelling means that all four sides of the structure, mouldings, doors, windows and objects are modelled in proportion to each other, and it is understood that manual modelling is fine modelling data. (In fact, there is no such concept)

Remote sensing data

Remote sensing data generally refers to remote sensing images. Remote Sensing Image (abbreviation: RS, English: Remote Sensing Image) is a film or photograph that records the size of electromagnetic waves of various features, which is mainly divided into aerial film and satellite photos.

DEM Data

Digital Elevation Model (DEM), referred to as DEM, is a digital simulation of ground topography (i.e., digital expression of terrain surface morphology) through limited terrain elevation data, which is a kind of solid ground model that expresses ground elevation in the form of a set of ordered numerical arrays, and is a branch of Digital Terrain Model (DTM). It is a branch of Digital Terrain Model (DTM), from which all other terrain features can be derived.

It is generally believed that DTM describes the spatial distribution of linear and nonlinear combinations of various geomorphological factors, including elevation, such as slope, slope direction, slope change rate, etc. DEM is a zero-order simple single-item digital terrain model, and other geomorphological features, such as slope, slope direction, and slope change rate, etc., can be derived on the basis of DEM.

Radar data (Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) raw target scanning images)

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a high-resolution imaging radar that can obtain high-resolution radar images similar to optical photography under meteorological conditions with very low visibility. Using the relative motion of the radar and the target to the smaller size of the real antenna aperture using data processing methods to synthesise a larger equivalent antenna aperture of the radar, also known as synthetic aperture radar. Synthetic aperture radar is characterised by its high resolution, its ability to operate in all-weather conditions, and its ability to effectively identify camouflage and penetrate cover. The high azimuthal resolution obtained is equivalent to the azimuthal resolution that a large aperture antenna can provide. The first use of SAR was in the late 1950s on the RB-47A and RB-57D strategic reconnaissance aircraft. After nearly 60 years of development, SAR technology has become more mature, and all countries have established their own SAR development programmes. Various new systems of SAR have emerged and play important roles in both civil and military fields.

BIM Data

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a new tool for architecture, engineering and civil engineering. The term Building Information Modelling or BIM was coined by Autodesk. It describes computer-aided design that is 3D graphic-based, object-orientated and architecturally relevant.The core of BIM is the creation of a virtual 3D model of a building project, which is digitised to provide a complete and physically accurate repository of information about the building project. This information base contains not only geometric information, professional attributes and state information describing the building components, but also state information of non-component objects (e.g., spatial, motion behaviour).

RVT Data

Rvt is the save format of revit software. revit is the name of a series of software from Autodesk. the revit series of software is built for building information modelling (BIM), which helps building designers design, build and maintain better-quality, energy-efficient buildings. revit is one of the most widely used software in the BIM system of the construction industry in China.

Inclined Photography Data

Tilt photography technology is a high technology developed in recent years in the field of international surveying and mapping, which subverts the limitation that orthophotos can only be captured from a vertical angle in the past, and introduces the user to a real intuitive world that conforms to the vision of the human eye by carrying multiple sensors on the same flight platform and simultaneously capturing images from five different angles such as one vertical and four tilted angles.

Point Cloud Data

Point cloud data is a collection of vectors in a three-dimensional coordinate system.

The scanned data is recorded in the form of points, each of which contains 3D coordinates and some of which may contain colour information (RGB) or reflective intensity information (Intensity).

In addition to the geometric position of the point cloud data, some of them also have colour information. Colour information is usually obtained by acquiring a colour image from a camera and assigning the colour information (RGB) of the pixels at the corresponding positions to the corresponding points in the point cloud. Intensity information is obtained as the echo intensity captured by the laser scanner's receiver unit. This intensity information is related to the target's surface material, roughness, direction of the angle of incidence, as well as the instrument's emitted energy, the wavelength of the laser.

S3m data

Spatial 3D Model, S3M format adopts a data structure that separates the data file and description index file, including: data file (.s3mb) describes the 3D tile data in a spatial range; index file (.json) is a description of the tree structure of the tile data (the description information is also stored synchronously in the .s3mb file); description file (.scp ) describes the basic information of all tiles in the scene.

I3s data

i3s, esri main push to ogc a three-dimensional open-source GIS data standards, i3s is the specification, the implementation of the i3s specification is the slpk file, slpk file is a single file, is a zip compressed package (compression format ‘storage only’), slpk is a compression method for the slpk is a ‘storage only’ zip file with the suffix slpk (SceneLayer Package). slpk json files and binary files are compressed with gzip.

The png and jpg files that represent texture materials are not compressed. slpk is mainly produced by ArcGIS Pro, and a search for slpk in the toolbox will find many tools that package 3d layers as slpk.

Bentley's ContextCapture and Skyline's PhotoMesh also support slpk.

Polyhedral 3D data stored in geodatabase can be packaged as slpk, which belongs to 3d model slpk.

ArcGIS Pro 2.5 supports dragging and dropping rvt files directly onto 3d layers for display, and packages them directly as slpk.

Iot Data

Internet of Things (IOT) refers to the real-time collection of any object or process that needs to be monitored, connected, and interacted with through a variety of information sensors, RFID, GPS, infrared sensors, laser scanners, and other various devices and technologies to collect various needed information such as sound, light, heat, electricity, mechanics, chemistry, biology, location, etc., and to make it accessible through various possible network accesses. Through various kinds of possible network access, it realises the ubiquitous connection between things and objects and between things and people, and realises the intelligent perception, identification and management of objects and processes. IoT is an information carrier based on the Internet, traditional telecommunication networks, etc., which allows all ordinary physical objects that can be independently addressed to form an interconnected network.